MY SELF
NAME: HASLISA BINTI ABU BAKAR
MATRIC NUMBER: 213206
COURSE: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
EMAIL: haslisa0312@yahoo.com
Saturday 7 December 2013
MY SELF
MATRIC NUMBER : 212943
COURSE : BACHELOR IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
ADDRESS : TELEKOM MALAYSIA RESENDENTIAL HALL
BIRTH OF PLACE : TELUK INTAN PERAK
SEMESTER : 5
EMEL : ely_fablouz@yahoo.com
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress management strategy #1: Avoid unnecessary stress
Not all stress can be avoided, and it’s not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that you can eliminate.
- Learn how to say “no” – Know your limits and stick to them. Whether in your personal or professional life, refuse to accept added responsibilities when you’re close to reaching them. Taking on more than you can handle is a surefire recipe for stress.
- Avoid people who stress you out – If someone consistently causes stress in your life and you can’t turn the relationship around, limit the amount of time you spend with that person or end the relationship entirely.
- Take control of your environment – If the evening news makes you anxious, turn the TV off. If traffic’s got you tense, take a longer but less-traveled route. If going to the market is an unpleasant chore, do your grocery shopping online.
- Avoid hot-button topics – If you get upset over religion or politics, cross them off your conversation list. If you repeatedly argue about the same subject with the same people, stop bringing it up or excuse yourself when it’s the topic of discussion.
- Pare down your to-do list – Analyze your schedule, responsibilities, and daily tasks. If you’ve got too much on your plate, distinguish between the “shoulds” and the “musts.” Drop tasks that aren’t truly necessary to the bottom of the list or eliminate them entirely.
Stress management strategy #2: Alter the situation
If you can’t avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to change things so the problem doesn’t present itself in the future. Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life.
- Express your feelings instead of bottling them up. If something or someone is bothering you, communicate your concerns in an open and respectful way. If you don’t voice your feelings, resentment will build and the situation will likely remain the same.
- Be willing to compromise. When you ask someone to change their behavior, be willing to do the same. If you both are willing to bend at least a little, you’ll have a good chance of finding a happy middle ground.
- Be more assertive. Don’t take a backseat in your own life. Deal with problems head on, doing your best to anticipate and prevent them. If you’ve got an exam to study for and your chatty roommate just got home, say up front that you only have five minutes to talk.
- Manage your time better. Poor time management can cause a lot of stress. When you’re stretched too thin and running behind, it’s hard to stay calm and focused. But if you plan ahead and make sure you don’t overextend yourself, you can alter the amount of stress you’re under.
Stress management strategy #3: Adapt to the stressor
If you can’t change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude.
- Reframe problems. Try to view stressful situations from a more positive perspective. Rather than fuming about a traffic jam, look at it as an opportunity to pause and regroup, listen to your favorite radio station, or enjoy some alone time.
- Look at the big picture. Take perspective of the stressful situation. Ask yourself how important it will be in the long run. Will it matter in a month? A year? Is it really worth getting upset over? If the answer is no, focus your time and energy elsewhere.
- Adjust your standards. Perfectionism is a major source of avoidable stress. Stop setting yourself up for failure by demanding perfection. Set reasonable standards for yourself and others, and learn to be okay with “good enough.”
- Focus on the positive. When stress is getting you down, take a moment to reflect on all the things you appreciate in your life, including your own positive qualities and gifts. This simple strategy can help you keep things in perspective.
Adjusting Your Attitude
How you think can have a profound effect on your emotional and physical well-being. Each time you think a negative thought about yourself, your body reacts as if it were in the throes of a tension-filled situation. If you see good things about yourself, you are more likely to feel good; the reverse is also true. Eliminate words such as "always," "never," "should," and "must." These are telltale marks of self-defeating thoughts.
Stress management strategy #4: Accept the things you can’t change
Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You can’t prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, it’s easier than railing against a situation you can’t change.
- Don’t try to control the uncontrollable. Many things in life are beyond our control— particularly the behavior of other people. Rather than stressing out over them, focus on the things you can control such as the way you choose to react to problems.
- Look for the upside. As the saying goes, “What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger.” When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities for personal growth. If your own poor choices contributed to a stressful situation, reflect on them and learn from your mistakes.
- Share your feelings. Talk to a trusted friend or make an appointment with a therapist. Expressing what you’re going through can be very cathartic, even if there’s nothing you can do to alter the stressful situation.
- Learn to forgive. Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that people make mistakes. Let go of anger and resentments. Free yourself from negative energy by forgiving and moving on.
Stress management strategy #5: Make time for fun and relaxation
Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, you’ll be in a better place to handle life’s stressors when they inevitably come.
Healthy ways to relax and recharge
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Don’t get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury.
- Set aside relaxation time. Include rest and relaxation in your daily schedule. Don’t allow other obligations to encroach. This is your time to take a break from all responsibilities and recharge your batteries.
- Connect with others. Spend time with positive people who enhance your life. A strong support system will buffer you from the negative effects of stress.
- Do something you enjoy every day. Make time for leisure activities that bring you joy, whether it be stargazing, playing the piano, or working on your bike.
- Keep your sense of humor. This includes the ability to laugh at yourself. The act of laughing helps your body fight stress in a number of ways.
Stress management strategy #6: Adopt a healthy lifestyle
You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health.
- Exercise regularly. Physical activity plays a key role in reducing and preventing the effects of stress. Make time for at least 30 minutes of exercise, three times per week. Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing pent-up stress and tension.
- Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with stress, so be mindful of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and keep your energy up and your mind clear with balanced, nutritious meals throughout the day.
- Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary "highs" caffeine and sugar provide often end in with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, and sugar snacks in your diet, you’ll feel more relaxed and you’ll sleep better.
- Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs may provide an easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Don’t avoid or mask the issue at hand; deal with problems head on and with a clear mind.
- Get enough sleep. Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body. Feeling tired will increase your stress because it may cause you to think irrationally.
CHOCLATE CUPCAKE RECIPE
Dark chocolate cupcakes topped with dark chocolate frosting. Chocolate lovers only!
This recipe is dedicated to all of you chocoholics.
Pure, unadultered, inexplicable, out-of-this-world love for chocolate.
I know many of you adore chocolate. My most popular cake recipe is – chocolate! MyTriple Chocolate Layer Cake recipe is what inspired me to make these death by chocolate cupcakes. Today’s cupcakes are a different recipe than that cake, but they are just as rich, fudgy, and decadent.
They are dark chocolate cupcakes with a thick dark chocolate frosting on top and sprinkled with chocolate chips. The cupcakes are not overly sweet – they are deep and intense. Pure chocolate. And a lot of it!
I have made about 7 batches of chocolate cupcakes so far this summer. I am not exaggerating! Some batches ran over the sides and looked more like brown mushrooms, not cupcakes. Others did NOT taste like chocolate. Others were crunchy on top (eww!), dry, bland, and blah. Blah blah blah. I have been searching and testing and testing (and testing some more!) to find that perfect chocolate cupcake recipe. Finally, I took a few things I’ve learned from all my mistakes to come out with the best. I only give you the best of the best!
I’ve brought you chocolate cupcakes before on my website. These chocolate cupcakes are loved by many of you! And these chocolate cupcakes are quick, easy, and ultra moist. Both chocolate cupcake recipes are fantastic! However, I did not develop either of them on my own.
Today’s new recipe produces rich, moist, and flavorful cupcakes. I use a mix of melted chocolate and cocoa powder to make these cupcakes ultra fudgy. I nearly double the amount of cocoa powder than previous recipes that I’ve tried this summer. 2 eggs, brown sugar, and buttermilk gives each bite a tender, moist texture. They are the complete opposite of dry and bland!
Buttermilk is required for this recipe - the lactic acid present is what will allow the baking soda to react and leaven the cake.
Don’t have buttermilk? You can make your own. Measure 2 teaspoons of white vinegar or lemon juice in a measuring cup. Then, add enough milk (1%, 2%, or whole) to the same measuring cup until it reaches 1/2 cup. Stir it around and let sit for 5 minutes. The homemade “buttermilk” will be somewhat curdled and ready to use in your recipe.
The batter for the cupcakes is very thick. I’m warning you now! Very thick – almost like frosting or chocolate pudding. Just taste it. You KNOW you’ll have amazing cupcakes after you taste the batter. So deliciously fudgy.
The frosting I use for these cupcakes is one of my favorites. It’s the same frosting recipe that I often use to frost my peanut butter cupcakes. The wonderful thing about this frosting is that there is not that much butter in it. It’s not a buttercream frosting. It’s pure, thick chocolate. Like melted fudge, but thicker. You all love it so much.
I could eat this dark chocolate frosting with a spoon and be happy for the rest of my life.
It’s ultra smooth and velvety. One of the best frostings I’ve ever had.
I piped the frosting on with Wilton tip #12. I use this tip almost exclusively on my cupcakes.
I am in LOVE with these chocolate cupcakes. By far my favorite chocolate cupcake recipe. I made a version of them for my cookbook (coming out spring 2014) – you will LOVE what I did with them. 
Trust me, you have to try these chocolate cupcakes. Soft, moist, tender, intensely fudgy, chocoholic-heaven! Everything about this recipe is perfection to me and I know you will adore each and every bite, too.
Trust me, you have to try these chocolate cupcakes. Soft, moist, tender, intensely fudgy, chocoholic-heaven! Everything about this recipe is perfection to me and I know you will adore each and every bite, too.
Chocoholics unite!
PRINT
SAVEFLOOD
FLOOD
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges
land which is usually dry. The European Union (EU) Floods
Directive defines a flood as a
covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of "flowing
water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may occur as an
overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river or lake,
in which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water
escaping its usual boundaries, or it may occur due to an accumulation of
rainwater on saturated ground in an areal flood. While the size of a lake or
other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, these changes in size
are unlikely to be considered significant unless they flood property or drown domestic animals.
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Floods can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds
the capacity of the river channel,
particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to
homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While
riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other
bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because
the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel
and access to commerce and industry.Some floods develop
slowly, while others such as flash
floods can develop in just a few minutes and without visible signs of rain.
Additionally, floods can be local, impacting a neighbourhood or community, or
very large, affecting' entire river basins.
Anticipating floods before they occur allows for
precautions to be taken and people to be warned
so that they can be prepared in advance for flooding conditions. For example,
farmers can remove animals from
low-lying areas and utility services can put in place emergency provisions to
re-route services if needed. Emergency services can also make provisions to
have enough resources available ahead of time to respond to emergencies as they
occur. In order to make the most accurate flood
forecasts for waterways, it is best to have a long
time-series of historical data that relates stream
flows to measure past rainfall
events. Coupling this historical information with real-time knowledge about volumetric capacity in catchment
areas, such as spare capacity in reservoirs,
ground-water levels, and the degree of saturation of area aquifers is also needed in order to make the
most accurate flood forecasts.
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Radar estimates
of rainfall and general weather
forecasting techniques are also
important components of good flood forecasting. In areas where good quality
data is available, the intensity and height of a flood can be predicted with
fairly good accuracy and plenty of lead
time. The output of a flood forecast is typically a maximum expected water
level and the likely time of its arrival at key locations along a waterway and it also may allow for the
computation of the likely statistical return
period of a flood. In many
developed countries, urban areas at
risk of flooding are protected against a 100-year
flood - that is a flood that has
a probability of around 63% of occurring in any 100 year period of time.
Friday 6 December 2013
READING PROCESS
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Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading
comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction
between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior
knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally
and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice,
development, and refinement. In addition, reading requires creativity and
critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece,
innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them
in the unfamiliar places the texts describe. Because reading is such a complex
process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.
There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to
produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of
texts during interpretation.
Currently most reading is either of the printed word from
ink or toner on paper, such as in a book, magazine, newspaper, leaflet, or notebook, or of electronic displays,
such as computer displays, television, mobile phones or readers.
Handwritten text may also be
produced using a graphite pencil or a pen.
Short texts may be written or painted on an object.
Often the text relates to the object, such as an address on
an envelope, product info on packaging, or text on a traffic or street sign. A slogan may be painted on a wall. A text may
also be produced by arranging stones of a different colour in a wall or road.
Short texts like these are sometimes referred to as environmental print. Sometimes
text or images are in relief,
with or without using a colour contrast. Words or images can be carved in
stone, wood, or metal; instructions can be printed in relief on the plastic
housing of a home appliance, or
myriad other examples.
A requirement for reading is a good contrast between letters and background
(depending on colours of letters and background, any pattern or image in the
background, and lighting) and a
suitable font size. In the case of a computer screen, it is important to be
able to see an entire line of text without scrolling.
The field of visual word recognition studies how people read individual words. A
key technique in studying how individuals read text is eye tracking. This has revealed that
reading is performed as a series of eye fixations with saccades between them. Humans also do not
appear to fixate on every word in a text, but instead fixate to some words
while apparently filling in the missing information using context. This is
possible because human languages show certain linguistic regularities. The
process of recording information to be read later is writing. In the case of computer and microfiche storage there is the separate step of
displaying the written text. For humans, reading is usually faster and easier
than writing.
In the past, such as the Age
of Enlightenment, writing was considered superior to reading in society.
Readers during this time were considered passive citizens, simply because they
did not produce a product. Michel
de Certeau argued that the elites
of the Age of Enlightenment were responsible for this general
belief. Michel de Certeau believed that reading required
venturing into an author's land, but taking away what the reader wanted
specifically. Writing was viewed as a superior art to reading during this
period, due to the hierarchical constraints the era initiated. Reading is
typically an individual activity, although on occasion a person will read out
loud for the benefit of other listeners. Reading aloud for one's own use, for
better comprehension, is a form of intrapersonal
communication. Reading to young children is a recommended way to install
language and expression, and to promote comprehension of text. Before the
reintroduction of separated text in the late Middle
Ages, the ability to read silently was considered rather remarkable.
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Sunday 1 December 2013
HOW TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR
STEP 1:
- If a great idea comes to you, evaluate if it is realistic. Think of cost, manufacturing time, and popularity.
- Always be open to different ideas. Ask and record if people would actually buy the product.
- If you don't have an idea yet, it is a good start to think of your target market first. Then brainstorm a list of things like places they shop, and things they might really like. Narrow the list down to about three items, keeping cost, manufacturing time, and popularity in mind. Find the easiest, most realistic product you can offer.
2. Write a business plan. Include details and descriptions, and plan everything out realistically. Take your time and evaluate your product at each section. The sections of a good business plan include:
- Product description: develop your product. What will it look like? What materials will you need? Make your product eye-catching.
- Market Analysis: Who is your market? Where do they shop? Where are they located?
- Competition: Who is your competition? What are their strengths? How will you beat them?
- Marketing: How will you market your product? What kind of image do you want to display? Where will you advertise? What is your tagline? What is your packaging like?
- Sales: Where will you sell? How will you get your customers to buy? When will you sell? What is your estimated sales forecast?
- Manufacturing: How do you make your product? Explain this in detailed steps. What materials do you need to make your product? When and where will you manufacture? What is your COGS (cost of goods sold)?
- Finance: how much money do you need to start your business? What is your gross profit?
3. Or, don't write a business plan. A business plan is a work of fiction, anyway. If you don't have much experience in business, or the market is new and unknown, a business plan might be a waste of time, or, worse, a path to self-delusion. Plan just enough to make your first sale.
- The main thing is to make at least one customer happy, and complete the entire cycle of "make product, sell product" as quickly as possible. Then you will have a business, and then you might be in a position to understand some problems of the sort that extensive planning can help solve.
4. Get investors. Pitch your idea to any potential
investor to get money to start your company. If you have a good idea,
they will love to invest their money in your company.
- Make a PowerPoint presentation (or something of the sort) explaining why your product is the best, including each part of your business plan in the presentation.
- Tell them how much your estimated gross profit is and how much percentage of that they will earn in interest. Many VCs (venture capitalists are not set up to make you successful. A wonderful success for you might be to earn $80,000 a year doing work you love.
- Starting small and pleasing a small number of customers at first is a high-probability way to get there. A VC will not allow such a success to happen, because a VC's strategy is to become a billionaire by rolling the dice on many low-probability but potentially gigantic-returning businesses. The price you pay for taking on a VC is control: control of your dream. If you can get the business started without spending a lot of money, that might be your best route.
STEP 5:
STEP 6:
- More importantly, you learn how entrepreneurs think. You pick up their attitudes, their nose for opportunity, their willingness to explore every idea and its opposite (they know that often both work), the great diversity in their styles.
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